Golconda is a town in Hyderabad, which is in Central Part of India. Golconda is recognized for its diamond. The famous Koh-I-Noor diamond and Hope diamond was said to be cut from gemstones found here. Golconda is built on hill, which is composed of granites.

This stood as high as 91m. This fort was first built by a Hindu King on finding of an Idol by a shepherd boy.

Later this place was built by three kings of Qutb Shahi Kings. The builders built this place with great sense of architecture, with having concentrated on sound.

This fort is built such way that if hands are clapped at the fort gate or portico, the sound could be heard at the top of the palace\fort. Golconda has a secured chamber with vault which was used to store diamonds.

The Forts of Golconda

Monuments in India were not only built for religious and historical events to traced, but also these were built for defending various situations like battles and natural calamities. Golconda is one of the forts which were built with battlements also known as crenellation.

This is defensive architecture. This fort is with a battlement which has cut-outs at some portions of the wall to attack the enemies with arrows or cannon balls to keep the attackers at a distance. The city surrounded with walls was used as a trading center for diamonds and Gems. All most, all of the diamonds were from the mines in Golconda. Golconda fort has wonderful and fabulous hand work and gardens.

The fort is surrounded with 10 Km wall with semicircular bastions, used to be mounted with cannons and some bastions are still found to be cannons. This monument was built with temples, mosque, stables, royal apartments and halls with highly decorated hand work.

Monuments in India can be categorized into two as before 1000 AD and after 1000 AD, again sub-categorized into four according to their geographical location, like North, South, Deccan and East.

There many monuments which were built with the best architecture and technology before 10

00 AD, which is still a mystery, how those ancient architects were able to do. This shows one of the best architectural methods were used without any modern devices. This is one of the Monuments in India that everyone should visit.

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The Red Fort is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Old Delhi, attracting thousands of visitors every year.

The fort was the site of a December 2000 attack by terrorist group Lashkar-e-Toiba which killed two soldiers and one civilian in what was described in the media as an attempt to derail the India-Pakistan peace process in Kashmir.

 

Art and Architecture of Red Fort

Red Fort showcases the very high level of art form and ornamental work. The art work in the Fort is a synthesis of Persian, European and Indian art which resulted in the development of unique Shahjahani style which is very rich in form, expression and colour.

Red Fort, Delhi is one of the important building complexes of India which encapsulates a long period of Indian history and its arts. Its significance has transcended time and space. It is relevant as a symbol of architectural brilliance and power. Even before its notification as a monument of national importance in the year 1913, efforts were made to preserve and conserve the Red Fort, for posterity.

The walls of the fort are smoothly dressed, articulated by heavy string-courses along the upper section. They open at two major gates, the Delhi and the Lahore gates. The Lahore Gate is the main entrance; it leads to a long covered bazar street, the Chatta Chowk, whose walls are lined with stalls for shops.

The Chatta Chowk leads to a large open space where it crosses the large north-south street that was originally the division between the fort’s military functions, to its west, and the palaces, to its east. The southern end of this street is the Delhi Gate.

Important Buildings Inside Red Fort

 

Diwan-i-Aam

Beyond this gate is another, larger open space, which originally served as the courtyard of the Diwan-i-Aam, the large pavilion for public imperial audiences with an ornate throne-balcony (jharokha) for the emperor.

The columns were painted in gold and there was a gold and silver railing separating the throne from the public.

Diwan-i-Khas

The Diwan-i-Khas is a pavillon clad completely in marble, the pillars decorated with floral carvings and inlay work with semi-precious stones.

Nahr-i-Behisht

The imperial private apartments lie behind the throne. The apartments consist of a row of pavilions that sits on a raised platform along the eastern edge of the fort, looking out onto the river Yamuna. The pavilions are connected by a continuous water channel, known as the Nahr-i-Behisht, or the “Stream of Paradise”, that runs through the center of each pavilion.

The water is drawn from the river Yamuna, from a tower, the Shah Burj, at the northeastern corner of the fort. The palace is designed as an imitation of paradise as it is described in the Koran; a couplet repeatedly inscribed in the palace reads, “If there be a paradise on earth, it is here, it is here”. The planning of the palace is based on Islamic prototypes, but each pavilion reveals in its architectural elements the Hindu influences typical of Mughal building. The palace complex of the Red Fort is counted among the best examples of the Mughal style.

Rang Mahal

The two southernmost pavilions of the palace are zenanas, or women’s quarters: the Mumtaz Mahal (now a museum), and the larger, lavish Rang Mahal, which has been famous for its gilded, decorated ceiling and marble pool, fed by the Nahr-i-Behisht.

Moti Masjid

To the west of the hammam is the Moti Masjid, the Pearl Mosque. This was a later addition, built in 1659 as a private mosque for Aurangzeb, Shah Jahan’s successor. It is a small, three-domed mosque in carved white marble, with a three-arched screen which steps down to the courtyard.

Hayat Bakhsh Bagh

To its north lies a large formal garden, the Hayat Bakhsh Bagh, or “Life-Bestowing Garden”, which is cut through by two bisecting channels of water. A pavilion stands at either end of the north-south channel, and a third, built in 1842 by the last emperor, Bahadur Shah Zafar, stands at the center of the pool where the two channels meet.

More at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_fort

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Agra Fort, also known as Lal Qila, Fort Rouge and Red Fort of Agra, is a UNESCO World Heritage site located in Agra, India. It is about 2.5 km northwest of Taj Mahal which is equally famous and is considered as its sister monument. It contained the largest state treasury and mint, and the great Mughals governed the country from here when the rulers like Babur, Humayun, Akbar, Jehangir, Shah Jahan and Aurangzeb lived here.

This was originally a brick fort and the Sikarwar Rajputs held it. This was also a site of one of the battles during the Indian rebellion of 1857, which caused the end of the British East India Company’s rule in India, and led to a century of direct rule of India by Britain.

Notable facts about Agra Fort

Some of the other interesting notable facts about Agra Fort are:

• In 2004, The Agra Fort has won the Aga Khan Award for Architecture.

• Sherlock Holmes mystery The Sign of the Four, by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle has mentioned the Agra Fort playing a key role
• Shivaji came to Agra in 1666 as per the “Purandar Treaty” entered into with Mirza Raje Jaisingh to met Aurangzeb in the Diwan-i-Khas.

• In the second expansion pack for Age of Empires 3, the Asian Dynasties, Agra fort is one of five wonders for the Indian civilization to advance to the next age.

• In the game “Rise of Nations” the Red Fort can be built by players as a wonder.

Art and Architecture of Agra Fort

Apart from its history, Agra fort is equally important in terms of its architectural history. Abul Fazal recorded that five hundred buildings in the beautiful designs of Bengal and Gujarat were built in the fort, of which hardly thirty Mughal buildings have survived on the south-eastern side, facing the river. The others were damaged or demolished in the battles.

The fort has a semi-circular plan with its chord lying parallel to the river. Its walls are seventy feet high. Double ramparts have massive circular bastions at regular intervals as also battlements, embrasures, machicolations and string courses. Four gates were provided on its four sides, one Khizri gate opening on to the river.

Two of the fort’s gates are notable: the “Delhi Gate” and the “Lahore Gate.” A wooden drawbridge was used to cross the moat and reach the gate from the mainland; Inside, an inner gateway called Hathi Pol (“Elephant Gate”) – guarded by two life sized stone elephants with their riders – added another layer of security.

Anguri Bagh (Grape garden), Diwan-i-Am(Hall of public audience), Diwan-i-Khas(hall of private audience, Golden Pavilions, Jahangiri Mahal, Khas Mahal, Moti Masjid, Shah Jahani Mahal, Sheesh Mahal(Mirror palace), etc are some of the site and structures within Agra fort worth seeing.
Thanks to: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agra_Fort

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